The ongoing Iran war is threatening food security in Africa, with dire implications for the continent’s most vulnerable populations. As the conflict escalates, the ripple effects are felt far beyond its borders, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where reliance on agricultural imports is high.
Since the onset of the conflict, fertiliser prices have surged alarmingly. Reports indicate that the price of urea—a key ingredient in fertilisers—has increased by a staggering 60% to 70%. This spike is attributed to disrupted ammonia supplies and global auction dynamics that make these essential resources unaffordable for many farmers.
Africa, despite its vast agricultural potential, remains a major food importer. Currently, it relies on Gulf states for approximately 35% of the world’s supply of urea. The war has exacerbated this dependency, leaving countries like Ethiopia and Kenya especially vulnerable to fluctuations in fertiliser availability.
Key impacts of the Iran war on food security:
- The EU has announced grant aid of up to €50,000 for farmers affected by rising costs and supply chain disruptions.
- S&P Global reports that food supply chains face significant challenges due to fuel and fertiliser restrictions linked to the conflict.
- The risk of a global auction on fertiliser could lead to further increases in prices, making it unaffordable for those who need it most.
Svein Tore Holsether, CEO of Yara International—the world’s largest fertiliser company—has raised alarms about the situation: “The most important thing we can do now is raise the alarm on what we are seeing right now – that there is a risk of a global auction on fertiliser that means it becomes unaffordable for those most vulnerable.” His comments underscore the urgency of addressing these escalating challenges.
As local farmers grapple with spiraling costs, many are reconsidering their livelihoods. One worker expressed despair: “Farming only leads to financial losses. I’d rather work as a day labourer and earn 100 to 200 baht a day just to get by.” This sentiment resonates deeply within communities already struggling with economic instability.
The situation continues to evolve as officials assess the full impact of these developments. With production losses mounting daily and no clear timeline for resolution, the stakes for food security across Africa have never been higher.